Evidence Act · 2014 Revised Edition · Chapter V
71. Proof when attesting witness denies the execution
Official textFrom Attorney General's Chambers, unchanged
If the attesting witness denies or does not recollect the execution of the document, its execution may be proved by other evidence.
document
“document” means any matter expressed, described or howsoever represented upon any substance, material, thing or article, including any matter embodied in a disc, tape, film, sound track or other device whatsoever, by means of — (a) letters, figures, marks, symbols, signals or other forms of expression, description or representation whatsoever; (b) any visual recording (whether of still or moving images); (c) any sound recording or any electronic, magnetic, mechanical or other recording, whatsoever and however made, or any sound, electronic impulse or other data whatsoever; (d) a recording or transmission of the means mentioned in paragraph (a), (b) or (c), or by more than one of the means mentioned in paragraph (a), (b), (c) or (d), intended to be used or which may be used for the purpose of expressing, describing or howsoever representing that matter; Illustrations A writing is a document. Words printed, lithographed or photographed are documents. A map, plan, graph or sketch is a document. An inscription on wood, metal, stone or any other substance, material or thing is a document. A photograph or a negative is a document. A tape recording of a telephonic communication, including a recording of such communication transmitted over distance is a document. A photographic or other visual recording, including a recording of photographic or other visual transmission over a distance is a document. A matter recorded, stored, processed, retrieved or produced by a computer is a document.
Terms defined in s 3
document
Defined · s 3“document” means any matter expressed, described or howsoever represented upon any substance, material, thing or article, including any matter embodied in a disc, tape, film, sound track or other device whatsoever, by means of — (a) letters, figures, marks, symbols, signals or other forms of expression, description or representation whatsoever; (b) any visual recording (whether of still or moving images); (c) any sound recording or any electronic, magnetic, mechanical or other recording, whatsoever and however made, or any sound, electronic impulse or other data whatsoever; (d) a recording or transmission of the means mentioned in paragraph (a), (b) or (c), or by more than one of the means mentioned in paragraph (a), (b), (c) or (d), intended to be used or which may be used for the purpose of expressing, describing or howsoever representing that matter; Illustrations A writing is a document. Words printed, lithographed or photographed are documents. A map, plan, graph or sketch is a document. An inscription on wood, metal, stone or any other substance, material or thing is a document. A photograph or a negative is a document. A tape recording of a telephonic communication, including a recording of such communication transmitted over distance is a document. A photographic or other visual recording, including a recording of photographic or other visual transmission over a distance is a document. A matter recorded, stored, processed, retrieved or produced by a computer is a document.
evidence
Defined · s 3“evidence” includes — (a) all statements which the court permits or requires to be made before it by witnesses in relation to matters of fact under inquiry: such statements are called oral evidence; (b) all documents produced for the inspection of the court: such documents are called documentary evidence.
Chapter VI
Part III